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Relocation to the USA is a multi-year, complex process with uncertain outcomes. Expectations of quick results, especially through refugee status, are often unrealistic, as it has become a highly unpredictable pathway. It is strongly recommended to visit the USA as a tourist first to assess living conditions, climate, and overall suitability before committing to a lengthy immigration process.

There is no significant evidence or common consensus that obtaining a US visa is inherently easier for holders of a Brazilian passport compared to other nationalities, such as Russian. Claims by "facilitators" suggesting an "easier" or "simplified" tourist visa process should be treated with skepticism.

Russian citizens in the USA on a J1 visa expiring soon can enter the United States without an electronic travel authorization (like ESTA) if they possess a valid US visa. The presence of a valid US visa is sufficient for entry and generally bypasses further border control inquiries related to entry permits. This applies universally, not just due to prior visa history.

Reapplying for a US visa after a previous refusal is possible. The decision to reapply should be based on the specific reason for the initial refusal, which is always stated in the official refusal form. A missed call from the embassy is generally not considered a valid reason for visa denial. Applicants with a history of successfully used visas have reapplied and obtained new visas several months after a refusal (e.g., 10 months).

Citizens of Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries who have visited Cuba on or after January 12, 2021, are no longer eligible to travel to the United States under the ESTA program. This also applies to visits to Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Libya, North Korea, and Somalia. Such individuals must apply for a traditional nonimmigrant visa (e.g., B1/B2) at a U.S. embassy or consulate. Attempting to conceal a visit to these countries on an ESTA application is considered providing false information and can lead to a permanent ban from entering the United States. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) often has records of such travel. Even with a B1/B2 visa, travelers who have visited these countries may face enhanced scrutiny and secondary screening (SSSS) upon entry. This rule does not apply to Canadian citizens, as they are not required to obtain an ESTA for travel to the U.S.

A US visa is required for all flights transiting through the United States, including technical stops where passengers do not deplane or leave the aircraft. Airlines will deny boarding to passengers without a valid US visa for such itineraries. This rule applies regardless of the final destination.